River Communities

Recognized by most Americans as the home of baseball, Cooperstown’s history goes deeper than that, offering a unique blend of history, culture, and outdoor recreation. Settled in the late 18th century by William Cooper, father of novelist James Fenimore Cooper, whose novels were set in and around the village, Cooperstown is situated on Otsego Lake, which Cooper Called “Glimmerglass”, and is surrounded by magnificent wooded hills.

In the mid-1800s, Cooperstown became a popular summer retreat, and many of the estates and houses built during that time are still in use today. The Otesaga Hotel started welcoming visitors in 1909, and today is listed in the National Register of Historic Places and a member of Historic Hotels of America. Fully restored with historic integrity, it has 137 rooms, several meeting rooms for business conferences, and a beautiful patio overlooking the lake.

Best known as the home of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Cooperstown is a pilgrimage site for baseball enthusiasts. The Hall of Fame, established in 1936, celebrates the history of America’s pastime, drawing thousands of visitors each year. Beyond baseball, the Fenimore Farm and Museum, one of the country’s oldest outdoor living history museums, showcases rural life in 1845 and is also home to one of the country’s premier folk art collections. Cooperstown’s Main Street is lined with unique shops and gift emporiums, quaint bed-and-breakfast inns, and several dining options. The town’s Trolley System carries visitors to Main Street and the museums around town.

Annual events range from baseball games at Doubleday Field and Dreams Park, the Glimmerglass Opera Festival, and the General Clinton Regatta Canoe Race held each Memorial Day weekend, to crafts shows, harvest festivals, car shows, and golf tournaments at the Leatherstocking Golf Course. A twice weekly farmers’ market is held from June to October, and other area attractions include the Fly Creek Cider Mill, and Brewery Ommegang.

During the summer, there are a multitude of outdoors activities available including boat tours of Otsego Lake, paddling, fishing, camping, and hiking, most of which are offered at the Glimmerglass State Park. The Park’s historic Hyde Hall Mansion is also another great place to check out. The park is also open in the winter for cross-country skiing, ice skating, and tubing.

The Town of Hartwick was named after Lutheran Minister John Christopher Hartwick (1714-1796), an early landowner of the town who bought the original patent from the Mohawk Indians in 1763 intending to build a “New Jerusalem.”

This did not occur as William Cooper had sold most of Hartwick’s land against his wishes by the 1790s. Instead of a New Jerusalem, Hartwick requested in his will that a Lutheran seminary be opened with his estate, but efforts to do this were complicated by the fact that Hartwick left his estate to Jesus Christ.

Fifteen years later, Hartwick Seminary – the oldest Lutheran Seminary in the United States – opened in 1812. The seminary closed in the 1920s, and the proceeds were used to open Hartwick College in nearby Oneonta in 1925.

The nearby Gilbert Lake State Park offers abundant recreational opportunities. The lake and three ponds lie in wooded, hilly terrain in the foothills of the Catskills. In addition to cabins and campsites, the park has more than 12 miles of interconnecting trails for hikers, skiers, snowmobilers and snowshoers. It also features playgrounds and a disc golf course, as well as swimming, boating (car top/hard bottom boats), boat rentals, and fishing. Gilbert Lake is also home to the New York State Civilian Conservation Corps Museum.   

Maryland, a town named for the U.S. state of the same name is situated northeast of the City of Oneonta.

Originally part of the vast land grants given to settlers in the 18th century, Maryland was settled as farming expanded throughout the region. Early industries included farming, milling, and lumbering, which took advantage of the natural resources in the area. By the mid-1800s, the town’s economy was boosted by the arrival of the railroad, which made transportation of goods like grain, timber, and other agricultural products much easier. This helped attract new settlers and increase trade, contributing to the growth of nearby towns as well.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the rise of industrialization saw Maryland become more integrated into the larger economic patterns of the Hudson Valley. While it never developed into a major industrial hub, it benefited from the broader regional shifts that brought increased commerce and access to resources.

Today, Maryland’s economy is primarily driven by agriculture, with local dairy farms and crops like hay and corn still prevalent. The area also attracts visitors for recreational activities like hiking, fishing, and camping, thanks to its proximity to the Catskills waterways of New York’s Southern Tier.

Located in Otsego County approximately 13 miles south of Cooperstown and 10 miles east of Oneonta, the Town of Milford bordered along the north by the Susquehanna River.

Today, recreation in Milford is centered around its natural environment. With miles of hiking trails, nearby lakes, and the picturesque Susquehanna River, outdoor enthusiasts can enjoy activities like fishing, kayaking, and birdwatching. Rail Explorer’s Cooperstown Division is also located here for visitors who wish to peddle the

The land surrounding Oneonta was originally inhabited by Indigenous ancestors of Algonquin and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans before European colonists settled in the area. The Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy are believed to have controlled the area prior to the 15th century and were here when the area's earliest European-American settlers migrated westward from the Hudson and Mohawk valley around in the 1770s. The first such settler was Henry Scramling who had secured a grant of 1,000 acres in the Susquehanna Valley, near the mouth of the Otego Creek around 1773. He left during the Revolution and returned after the conflict with his several family members.

The first hamlet developed around 1800 was later known as “Milfordville.” In 1830, the Town of Oneonta was formed from parts of two other towns, and Milfordville changed its name to Oneonta in 1832. In 1848, it was incorporated as a village within the Town, and the village incorporated as a city in 1908.

In the mid-19th century, the arrival of the railroad stimulated development and attracted new industries. Oneonta was once home to the largest locomotive roundhouse in the world.

Today, nicknamed the "City of the Hills" for it steep and rolling geography, Oneonta is home to the State University of New York at Oneonta, which began as a normal school and teachers’ college in 1889, and Hartwick College, which moved into the city in 1928. The students of the two colleges make up a significant percentage of the population of Oneonta.

Recreation in Oneonta is abundant, with nearby state parks, hiking trails, and the Susquehanna River providing opportunities for outdoor activities. The city hosts annual events, such as the Otsego County Fair and the Oneonta Outlaws baseball games, which contribute to the community's lively atmosphere. Its Cooperstown All-Star Village also hosts hundreds of young baseball players and their families at their annual summer camps.

The town of Otego, whose name comes from a Native American word meaning “where there is fire”, is located along the Susquehanna River in Otsego County. The Otego Creek enters the river just above the eastern town line, and the Otsdawa Creek flows southerly through the town and village of Otego.  

First settled by Europeans in the 1770s, the township began with the issuing of three colonial patents in 1770. Initially called Huntsville, and for a short time Hamburg, its present boundaries were not established until 1830. 

By 1842, Otego had three taverns, four stores, three churches, two blacksmith shops, two doctors and about 300 inhabitants, and several farms lined the creeks.  When the railroads came through in 1866, the access those farms were provided to distant markets turned dairy and hops farming into major cash crops. By 1900, Otego has a weekly newspaper, four hotels, an opera house, mills, and factories.

In the early 20th century with the advent of the motor vehicle, like many rural towns, Otego saw shifts in industry, as farming gradually became less dominant, and the rise of suburbanization and light industry began to reshape the area. Though small-scale industry and local manufacturing persisted, agriculture still maintains a significant presence.

Situated between Albany and Binghamton along the I-88 corridor, the Town of Otego today is home to over 3,000 residents and encompasses approximately 45 square miles. The nearby Susquehanna River offers excellent fishing, kayaking, and canoeing. The surrounding hills and forests are ideal for hiking, wildlife watching, and hunting. The town’s annual events like the Otego Firemen's Parade and local fairs provide a strong sense of community and tradition.

Unadilla is located on the Susquehanna River near the junction of Delaware, Otsego and Chenango Counties. The name “Unadilla” is derived from an Indian word that means “Place of Meeting”, which reflected its significance as a crossroads of travel at the juncture of the Unadilla and Susquehanna Rivers.

Small settlements existed prior to the Revolutionary War, but the town was incorporated in 1792 and became a village in 1801. It is located on what was once the Catskill Turnpike, linking the Hudson and Susquehanna River valleys. The arrival of the railroad in 1869 helped Unadilla, like the other communities in the area, find additional prosperity. Historically known for its 19th century architecture and its arched, tree-lined Main St, Unadilla is also home of the Boy Scouts of America Troop 1, the oldest continuous charter in America. It was placed on the national register of historic places in 1992.

Recreation is an important part of life in Unadilla. The town is known for its hunting, fishing, and hiking opportunities, especially in the surrounding hills and forests. The Unadilla River is a popular spot for canoeing and kayaking.

Established 1892, Afton is located along the Susquehanna River between the cities of Oneonta and Binghamton. The village’s name likely derives from the famous Scottish poem "The Banks of the Ayr," written by Robert Burns, reflecting the area's picturesque landscape.

The town’s first settlement in 1786 was a home built by Ebenezer Landers on the east side of the Susquehanna River. The home, later acquired by Dr. Carlton J. H. Hayes, professor of history at Columbia University and US Ambassador to Spain during WWII, still stands today and is known as the Jericho Farm.

Historically, Afton was an agricultural hub. Its early industry revolved around small mills and factories. The village saw growth in the late 19th century with the arrival of the railroad, which connected Afton to larger regional markets, aiding the transportation of goods like timber and produce. However, as industries evolved and the railroad network shifted, many smaller operations began to close, and the village’s economy became more reliant on agriculture and local businesses.

In the 20th century, Afton’s economy diversified somewhat with the introduction of manufacturing and the growth of tourism, though it has maintained much of its rural charm. In 1983, the Main Street Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The village's proximity to the Susquehanna River and the surrounding natural beauty makes it a popular spot for outdoor recreation, such as fishing, hiking, and boating. Nearby state parks, like the Coles Creek State Forest and the Robert V. Riddell State Park, offer opportunities for hiking, bird watching, and enjoying the outdoors year-round. Summer brings lots of outdoor activity including the weekly stock car races at the Afton fairgrounds, the Afton Fair in July, which has been held each year since its founding in 1889, and the Arts and Crafts Show in August.

Founded in the early 19th century, Bainbridge was originally settled by European pioneers who farmed the region’s fertile land. Incorporated in 1821, it became an important stop along the stagecoach route connecting Albany and the western parts of the state. The village was named after William Bainbridge, a notable U.S. Navy officer during the War of 1812.

Historically, farming, particularly dairy production, played a major role in Bainbridge’s economy. As the Industrial Revolution swept through the U.S., the village saw growth in small manufacturing industries, including mills and ironworks, benefiting from the nearby rivers. The Delaware & Hudson Canal, which ran through the area, also facilitated the transportation of goods and bolstered local industry. However, as railroads became the dominant form of transportation, Bainbridge’s industrial activity began to decline.

Once the home for the production of Elmer's Glue, today, Bainbridge is the executive headquarters of Conklin Fashions, one of the nation’s largest wholesale suppliers of costume jewelry and fashion accessories.

In 1982, many of its historic buildings were included in the Bainbridge Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places. The Charles C. Hovey House and Strong Leather Company Mill was added to the Register in 1996.

While agriculture still plays a role in the local economy, tourism and recreation have become increasingly important. The nearby Susquehanna River provides ample opportunities for fishing, and paddling, while the surrounding hills and forests are popular with hikers, birdwatchers, and those who enjoy winter sports.

Bainbridge’s multitude of parks and nature preserves, make it a great destination for outdoor lovers. The largest being the 50-acre General Clinton Park, a campground with pavilions, electric, water and a walking trail, that hosts the General Clinton Canoe Regatta during Memorial Day weekend each year. The village is also home to the annual Bainbridge Days, a community festival that celebrates local culture and history with food, music, and crafts. Overall, Bainbridge’s quiet, rural charm with deep historical roots, makes it an attractive destination for visitors seeking both relaxation and outdoor adventure.

Surrounded by rolling hills, Binghamton sits at confluence of the Susquehanna and Chenango Rivers. Binghamton’s first settlement was initially called Chenango Point and later renamed Binghamton after William Bingham, who originally purchased the 10,000 acres surrounding the junction of the two Rivers.

In the mid-1800s, the completion of the Chenango Canal connecting Binghamton to the Erie Canal, and later the expansion of the railroad network, made Binghamton a regional transportation hub, sparking the rise of several significant industries.

After the cigar industry boom in the 1880s, area manufacturers like Binghamton Iron Works, Endicott Johnson She Company and IBM established their roots here. This sustained economic prosperity earned Binghamton the moniker of the Valley of Opportunity.

Growth continued after WWII with a transition to a high-tech economy. The invention of the flight simulator here led to a concentration of electronics- and defense-oriented firms, including Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, and Universal Instruments. Other large companies included General Electric, Valvoline, and the Nineteen Hundred Washer Company (which merged to form Whirlpool). Dick's Sporting Goods began as a fishing store in 1948 and was headquartered in Binghamton until 1994. The McIntosh Laboratory a high-end manufacturer of audio equipment is also based here.

Toward the end of the Cold War, the region shifted from manufacturing toward education and health care with Binghamton University, Broome Community College, Upstate Medical University, United Health Services and Lourdes Hospital. 

The region’s several large shopping areas, Antique Row, cluster of galleries and shops, and events like the First Friday Art Walk, are a downtown draw.

Founded in 1955, the Binghamton Philharmonic performs a variety of classical, pops and chamber music concerts throughout the year, while the Tri-Cities Opera, performing since 1949, stages full-scale operas at the Broome County Forum. The region is also home to several other semi-professional and amateur orchestras and theaters.

Local attractions include: the Roberson Museum and Science Center, which houses the Link Planetarium; the Kopernik Observatory & Science Center, the largest public observatory in the Northeast; and the Binghamton Zoo at Ross Park, which opened in 1875. Binghamton is also known as the Carousel Capital of the World, with six antique carousels. 

The city hosts two professional minor league teams, the Binghamton Rumble Ponies, the New York Mets affiliate, and the Binghamton Black Bears which competes in the Federal Prospects Hockey League.

First settled around 1787 and established in 1791, the Town of Chenango was one of the original towns in Broome County. The name "Chenango" comes from an Indian term meaning "Land of the Bullthistle". The area grew with the completion of the 97-mile Chenango Canal in 1837, which linked the Susquehanna River to the Erie Canal, much of it following the course of the Chenango River. The Chenango Canal was 42 feet wide at the top and 26 feet wide at the bottom and averaged 4 feet deep. It had 116 locks, 11 lock houses, 12 dams, 19 aqueducts, 52 culverts, 56 road bridges, 106 farm bridges, 53 feeder bridges, and 21 waste weirs. The Chenango was unique in that it was the first reservoir-fed canal in the U.S. This design moved almost 23 miles of waterway up an incline with a 706' elevation to a summit in Bouckville, and then back down a descent of 303' to the Susquehanna river in Binghamton.

Chenango flourished during the 19th century as a center for agriculture, particularly dairy farming, and as a transportation hub with the canal facilitating the transport of goods like grain, coal, and livestock. This made Chenango a critical part of New York’s growing industrial landscape.

Just over a decade later, the Erie Railroad spurred further growth. The town’s industries expanded in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the development of manufacturing, especially in the production of textiles, shoes, and woodworking. It also became known for its ironworks and brick manufacturing. However, like many small towns in the northeast, Chenango’s industrial base declined after World War II, with many factories closing in the latter half of the 20th century.

Today, the region offers abundant recreation and outdoor activities like hiking, fishing, and paddling along the area rivers and nearby state parks. The town is also known for its historic charm, with preserved buildings and sites that celebrate its past. The Chenango County Fair, a long-standing tradition, offers a mix of agricultural exhibits, carnival rides, and local entertainment, providing a glimpse into the area’s deep rural roots.

Formed in 1821, Colesville derives its name from pioneer Nathaniel Cole, a revolutionary war veteran who settled here with his family in 1795. It was originally part of the larger Town of Windsor, but over time it developed its own distinct identity, becoming a hub for local farming and community life.

In the 19th century, Colesville was primarily an agricultural community. The fertile lands in the area were well-suited for growing crops such as corn, wheat, and hay, while dairy farming also played a significant role in the town's economy. As industrialization spread throughout the U.S., Colesville, like many rural towns, witnessed a rise in small-scale manufacturing, with businesses specializing in items like lumber and textiles, though agriculture remained central to the community’s identity.

The town’s recreational offerings reflect its rural charm and natural beauty. Broome County's Nathaniel Cole Park was opened in the town in 1974 and is located about two miles from the site Cole and his son, Nathaniel Cole, Jr., built a tavern. In operation as early as 1800, the tavern became a stopping place for stagecoaches enroute from Binghamton to Albany. Part of the land once owned by Nathaniel Cole now comprises the park that bears his name.

Cole Park has a beautiful 53-acre lake, the largest protected beach in the county, a trail encircling the lake, picnic areas, playgrounds, boat rentals, and a concession stand that is open Memorial Day weekend through Labor Day. Nathaniel Cole Park is a participant in the Broome County Hiking Challenge program and in the Wegman's “Passport to Family Wellness” program. Organized Youth Groups may request a permit to use the park's Youth Group Camping Area for rustic camping.

The Town of Conklin, situated along the Susquehanna River, lies in the southerly part of Broome County near the Pennsylvania State Line west of Binghamton. The town was originally settled in the late 18th century, with European settlers arriving around the 1790s prompted by the land grants made to early pioneers after the Revolutionary War. Conklin itself was officially established as a town in 1824.

In its early years, the town's economy was primarily agricultural, with farming and logging playing key roles. The fertile lands along the Susquehanna River provided an ideal setting for crops, and the surrounding forests supplied timber. By the mid-19th century, dairy farming and crop production were central to Conklin’s economy.

The industrial revolution brought new opportunities for Conklin, as it became connected to larger markets through the development of the railroad system. This allowed for more efficient transportation of its timber, coal, and agricultural products. In the 20th century, the town's proximity to larger cities like Binghamton spurred further industrial growth, although it maintained a more rural and residential character compared to its more urban neighbors.

Recreation in Conklin is largely centered around the natural beauty of the area. The Susquehanna River offers opportunities for fishing, boating, and kayaking. The nearby Appalachian foothills and state forests provide a wealth of hiking and outdoor activities. Additionally, Conklin's proximity to Binghamton gives residents and visitors access to cultural amenities like museums, theaters, and sporting events. The town's small-town charm, combined with easy access to urban conveniences, makes it an appealing place for both recreation and residential living.

namesake, Daniel S. Dickinson, was Binghamton’s first mayor in 1834. He served as lieutenant governor of New York State from 1842 to 1844, and, serving from 1844 to 1851, he is the only US Senator from Broome County. While Dickinson is the youngest of the towns of Broome County having been established in 1890, it was the first settlement on the western side of the Chenango River in 1787.

The Alms House, part of the former Broome County Poor Farm, was a long-time historical landmark in the Town. The 123-acre farm served a wide range of people, including unwed mothers, the disabled, the mentally-ill and alcoholics, which fulfilled New York State’s requirement that began in the 1830s that each county have a public-supported home for the poor. In the 1920s, it was turned over to be farmed by county inmates, and closed approximately 40 years later. Subsequently, it served as classrooms and offices on the campus of Broome Community College.

Dickinson is the home to Otsiningo Park. Named for one of the many 18th century Native American words for the lower Chenango River Valley, Otsiningo Park land was once inhabited by peoples of several Indian nations. Built by the New York State Department of Transportation and leased, improved and maintained by Broome County Parks Department, Otsiningo includes soccer and softball fields, sand volleyball courts, a large children's playground, community gardens, picnic facilities and a trail along the wooded bank of the Chenango River. With its easily-reached centralized location, easy-to-walk paved trails, and a specially-designed ADA-compliant playground, Otsiningo Park offers opportunities for all to enjoy.

In the beginning of the 1900s, the city of Endicott swiftly took shape with the rise of the one company. Originally established in Binghamton in 1854 and later moved the area that is now called Johnson City, the Lester Brothers Boot and Shoe Company was forced to sell to creditor and fellow shoemaker, Henry Bradford Endicott, the town’s namesake, who founded the Endicott Shoe Company. In 1899, Endicott made factory foreman George F. Johnson his partner and the company became the Endicott-Johnson Shoe Company (E-J). Endicott was a community planned by E-J and incorporated in 1906. 

By the 1920s, the company employed thousands of people and was one of the largest producers of shoes in the world. Johnson’s reign at the company was dominated by his “Square Deal”, which consisted of generous worker benefits providing employees the opportunity to purchase E-J built and financed homes at cost, participate in a profit sharing program, receive health care from factory-funded medical facilities, and enjoy E-J’s recreational facilities. E-J and the Johnson family’s influence extended beyond business—they were also known for investing in local infrastructure, including libraries, theaters, a golf course, swimming pools, carousels, parks and food markets.

Oher early influences in Endicott were the Bundy Company and International Time Recording Company, which opened factories in Endicott in 1907, eventually becoming IBM. The company brought the world into the age of computers and became a dominant presence in the Village of Endicott.

The head of IBM, T.J. Watson, also provided his workers significant benefits such as group insurance, paid vacations, a country club, and educational opportunities. The IBM community blossomed with engineers, programmers, mathematicians, scientists and support staff, eventual numbering more than twenty thousand people.

These two major corporations were the foundation for encouraging numerous other businesses and manufacturing concerns to become part of the booming economy in the “Valley of Opportunity”.

Although the large manufacturing plants have disappeared, many of the edifices and monuments located in Endicott endure and have earned New York State and National Historic Register designations. The village has numerous museums and historical societies where Endicott’s history is being preserved.

Today, Endicott offers a variety of recreational activities. Residents and visitors can explore the nearby parks, including the popular En-Joie Golf Course and Roundtop Park. The village is also home to a rich cultural scene, with annual festivals, local art galleries, and access to hiking and biking trails in the nearby hills and woods. Endicott’s blend of history and its growing focus on community and outdoor recreation, make it a great place to visit.

Endwell is a small hamlet located in the southern part of Broome County, within the Town of Union, just outside Binghamton. Its history dates back to the early 19th century when European settlers began moving into the region. Originally part of a larger township, the area was primarily agricultural, with farms supporting both crop production and livestock. Its proximity to Binghamton and the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad made it a prime location for expansion as industrialization took hold in the late 1800s.

Endwell’s growth was influenced by the rise of the local manufacturing industry. The town's position near Binghamton, which became a center for businesses like the IBM Corporation and the Endicott-Johnson Shoe Company, helped fuel development in the surrounding areas, including Endwell. The railroad played a key role in transporting goods and workers, further bolstering the economy.

In the 20th century, Endwell experienced suburban growth as the local economy diversified and became less reliant on heavy industry. The community expanded, attracting families looking for a quieter, residential environment while still being close to Binghamton's commercial and industrial centers. This shift allowed for greater development of schools, parks, and recreational facilities.

Today, Endwell is known for its family-friendly atmosphere and access to outdoor recreation, with attractions like the George W. Johnson Park and the scenic Endwell Greenway. The nearby Susquehanna River and surrounding hills offer opportunities for hiking, fishing, and nature walks.

Located in the Chenango valley, Fenton’s western border is the Chenango River. Its surrounding lands were home to the original settlers—the  Iroquois Confederacy which included the Onondaga, Shawnee, and Nanticoke. Years later European explorers entered the area, and at the end of the Revolutionary War in 1783, New Englanders began to move their families west to settle and farm here.

As the area grew, the municipalities originally established were segmented and given new names. Fenton originally named Port Crane, was one of the stops on the Chenango Canal that was built to connect the fertile farms and forests of the Southern Tier to the Erie Canal, opening up commerce with the region.

The name Crane was borrowed from Jason Crane, one of the engineers who had been involved in creating the canal. The name Port Crane was used jointly by both the hamlet and Town until February 2, 1867, when a bill was presented in Albany to change the name of the Town of Port Crane to the Town of Fenton in honor of then Governor of New York State, Reuben Fenton.

Route 369, along the Chenango River follows a good portion of the canal route, which actually cut through an area which is now the Chenango Valley State Park. Portions of the canal prism and lock 107 are still visible there.

Chenango Valley State Park  offers visitors a host of recreational opportunities. Paddlers and boaters enjoy its two kettle lakes, Lily and Chenango, while birdwatchers may glimpse woodpeckers, nut hatches, warblers and thrushes along woodland trails and herons, ducks and kingfishers lakeside. Fishermen will find trout, bass, perch and bullhead in Chenango Lake. Campers can choose from among 216 campsites and 24 cabins and golfers will appreciate the 18-hole golf course. Ice skating, sledding and cross-country ski trails attract visitors in winter. The area also boasts numerous local trails and green spaces perfect for cycling and walking.

Fenton's proximity to Binghamton provides visitors easy access to museums, theaters, and dining, and its history and recreational venues make Fenton appealing to families and outdoor enthusiasts.

In 1798, Samuel Allen was the first settler of the area with his purchase of 400 acres located in what is now central Johnson City. It wasn’t until 1845 that his son, Lawrence Allen built a genuine homestead. The first business in the village was a brickyard established in 1845 by John Wells and Elijah Brigham.

In 1890 the Lester Brothers Boat & Shoe Company built the first shoe factory in what was to become the Village of Lestershire in 1892. In the first decade the population increased from 3,000 to 10,000 as other businesses were established here. As the Lester brothers focused on developing homesites, their shoe business suffered and forced them to sell to Henry B. Endicott, a leather stock holder and investor in their company. Endicott promoted George F. Johnson General Superintendent who eventually purchased half of the company, and it became the Endicott-Johnson (E-J) Shoe Company.

By the 1920s, the company employed thousands of people and was one of the largest producers of shoes in the world. Johnson’s reign at the company was dominated by his “Square Deal”, which consisted of generous worker benefits providing employees the opportunity to purchase E-J built and financed homes at cost, participate in a profit sharing program, receive health care from factory-funded medical facilities, and enjoy E-J’s recreational facilities. E-J and the Johnson family’s influence extended beyond business—they were also known for investing in local infrastructure, including libraries, theaters, a golf course, swimming pools, carousels, parks and food markets.

In March 1916, the Village of Lestershire was renamed the Village of Johnson City to honor George F. Johnson and his family. The historic arch that frames the east entrance to Johnson City declares the village’s longstanding theme “Home of the Square Deal”.

In 1967, to make way for the construction of NYS Route 17 (future I-86), which cut through the Village, many homes were demolished along with the area’s minor league ballpark, Johnson Field. Johnson Field was the home of the Triplets, a minor league club of the NY Yankees. Area baseball fans saw some of the game’s most famous players at this field, including Joe DiMaggio, Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig.

Route 17 played an important role in the development of the area. The Oakdale Mall, now Oakdale Commons, led to the other development including the Giant Oakdale Plaza, the Johnson City Plaza, Toys R Us, Wegmans Supermarket, four hotels, and the Carpathian Hill project, which included office buildings, WBNG-TV, the Highlands Senior Housing and numerous residential lots.

Today, Johnson City is home to Binghamton University’s Health and Science Campus, which currently includes The School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University’s Decker School of Nursing and a new Research and Development facility which is currently under construction.

The Town of Kirkwood lies on the Northern side of the Susquehanna River and extends from the Pennsylvania border to the city limits of Binghamton, NY.

Although the town was formed in 1859, its history can be traced to its earlier Native American inhabitants whose artifacts can still be found along the river's banks and flatlands.

In the late 1700's settlers began to arrive, most coming westward from New England, and settled along the river.

Among the first to settle in the area was Jonathan Fitch who arrived about 1781. He built a water-powered gristmill near the outlet of Fitch's Creek at the present 5 Mile Point. During the next few years many more arrived and began to establish farms and the industries to support an agrarian life. The river was a primary part of the journey.

However, to support the growing community's needs a private road was developed from the Hudson River to the Chenango River passing through Northern Kirkwood along what is now called Old State Road. The then – Catskill Turnpike - was heavily traveled by stage, wagon, horseback and foot.

Another important road was created from "the Bend" (Great Bend, Pa) north to present day Binghamton. Running parallel to the Susquehanna River the "River Road" (now Rt. 11) passed through Kirkwood aiding in its early development.

Today, Kirkwood’s Veterans River Park hosts numerous activities throughout the year. Its numerous features include: pavilions, playgrounds, and playing fields, as well as tennis c and basketball courts, restroom facilities and a launch with access to the Susquehanna River.

Residents and visitors enjoy hiking, fishing, and boating along the Susquehanna, as well as exploring the nearby state parks and nature preserves. The area is also known for its winter sports, with snowmobiling, cross-country skiing, and local sledding hills drawing crowds when the snow falls.

The area that is now the town of Lisle was first settled around 1791. Formed from the town of Union in 1801, later in 1831 Lisle was divided and three new towns were created—Barker, Nanticoke, and Triangle.

Today, Lisle’s location offers easy access to outdoor activities. Hikers, anglers, and nature enthusiasts appreciate the nearby Chenango River and the surrounding forests, which offer opportunities for fishing, hiking, and wildlife watching.

Maine is located on the western border of Broome County, northwest of Binghamton. It is home to the Greater Binghamton Airport, serving Binghamton and the surrounding area.

Maine offers a rural lifestyle with proximity to larger cities like Binghamton, providing easy access to urban amenities.

Today, recreation in Maine is centered around its natural beauty. The town’s proximity to several parks, nature preserves, the Chenango River and its surrounding landscape, make it a great spot for hiking, fishing, boating and outdoor exploration, while the town’s historical sites, like old churches and early settler homesteads, attract visitors with an interest in local history.

The small village of Port Dickinson is located within the town of Dickinson, north of the city of Binghamton, in Broome County.

The village was originally part of the town of Chenango but became an independent village in 1893. Its location along the river made it a hub for shipbuilding and the transportation of goods, particularly coal and timber. The nearby Binghamton area saw rapid industrialization during the late 1800s and early 1900s, and Port Dickinson benefited from this economic boom.

In the early 20th century, the rise of the railroad industry further spurred growth. The area became an essential link in the transportation network, with railroads transporting goods from the river to the greater northeast region. Industry, including manufacturing and mining, was a driving force behind the local economy, although it has since waned with the broader shift to service and tech industries in the area.

Today, Port Dickinson offers several recreational opportunities, particularly for those who enjoy outdoor activities, with its community park located on the Chenango River and the nearby Chenanago State Park which provides hiking, fishing, and picnic areas, as well as a golf course.

The Town of Union established in 1791, originally spread over 700 square miles along the Susquehanna River Valley in what was then Tioga County.

The original land patent was obtained by General Oringle Stoddard, who came from Massachusetts in 1785 as a commissioner for the Boston Company to bargain with the Native Americans for land. The enormous tract was paid for with half cash and the rest in trade goods. Land was apportioned to 60 investors according to the amount each individual had contributed to the Company for the purchase.

Union was officially formed by an act of the New York State Legislature, and later became one of the original towns of Broome County. Considered the "mother town" of the county, Union was later reduced in size by the formation of other towns, including Owego, Lisle, Greene, Vestal, and Maine.

The area around Union was home to the Iroquois for many generations until the 1780s when trappers, traders, and settlers from Europe began to arrive. The fledgling economy subsisted by bartering hides, tallow, ashes, and grain accepted in place of cash, and shillings were used more often than dollars well into the 1800s.

Eventually, farming, fishing, lumbering, replaced the early trades. While shops and factories, and then more technologically sophisticated industries arose.

The Village of Endicott, which is part of Union, is known as the birthplace of the IBM corporation, which greatly influenced the town's economy in the mid-20th century. The legacy of IBM is still evident in the area, with several old company buildings remaining as part of the town’s industrial past.

Recreation in Union is centered around its natural beauty near the Chenango River. Many parks offer residents and visitors opportunities for hiking, fishing, and boating.

Vestal was Originally inhabited by the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) people and then settled by European colonists around 1785. It was named after John Vestal, an early settler who helped establish the community in the early 1800s. The town was officially incorporated in 1823, and its development was closely linked to the expansion of agriculture and transportation in the region.

Vestal’s history is closely tied to its neighboring communities, Binghamton, Endicott, and Johnson City, where it served as a residential suburb to emerging industries in the early 20th century. The growth of Endicott Johnson Corporation, IBM, and Lockheed Martin was supported by a local workforce and necessary infrastructure in Vestal.

In the modern era, Vestal has shifted away from heavy industry and has become more residential and commercial in character, though it still maintains a rich historical legacy. It is home to Binghamton University, a major public research university that significantly impacts the local economy and culture. In 1974, the Kopernik Observatory & Science Center, one of the best equipped public observatories in the northeast, opened to commemorate the 500th anniversary of the birth of astronomer Nicholas Copernicus.

During the 1990s, Vestal became the major retail center with many large shopping centers, while it historic central business district, located along three blocks of Front Street is still lined with small shops.

Recreation in Vestal is plentiful, with residents and visitors enjoying access to parks, nature reserves, and outdoor activities. The town is home to the Vestal Rail Trail, a 4.5-mile path that follows the route of an old railway, ideal for walking, running, and cycling. Nearby, the Broome County Nature Preserve offers hiking and wildlife viewing opportunities. Additionally, the town is close to several lakes, including the popular Whitney Point Reservoir, providing spots for boating, fishing, and other water sports.

The Town of Windsor lies in the southeastern part of Broome County and is bounded on the north by the Town of Colesville, on the east by the Town of Sanford, on the south by the Pennsylvania State Line and on the west by the Town of Kirkwood. The town was formed on March 27, 1807, from the Town of Chenango. The incorporated Village of Windsor is located in this town. The other large unincorporated villages are Damascus, East Windsor, and West Windsor.

Today, visitors can see remnants of Winsdor’s past, such as old factory buildings and the nearby rail lines. Despite its small size, Windsor offers a variety of recreational activities, with the Susquehanna River providing opportunities for fishing, kayaking, and boating, while nearby state parks offer hiking, camping, and wildlife watching.

Apalachin, pronounced AP-ə-LAY-kin, is a small village that sits along the Susquehanna River and is part of the Owego metropolitan area. Its history dates back to the early 19th century, with the first European settlers arriving in the region around 1790. The name "Apalachin" is thought to be derived from the Native American word Apalachian, referring to a nearby creek.

The village grew steadily in the 19th and early 20th centuries, with the arrival of the railroad. The transportation network helped establish Apalachin as an important hub for agriculture, particularly the farming of fruits, vegetables, and dairy products. The local economy also saw significant contributions from the timber industry, with logging being a key economic driver in the region's early days.

During the mid-20th century, Apalachin became more known for its proximity to Binghamton and its ease of access to larger cities, making it a popular residential area. However, it also gained national attention in 1957 when it was the site of the infamous Apalachin Mob Meeting. A gathering of some of the U.S.’s most notorious names in organized crime that was raided by the FBI. The meeting was humorously portrayed in the opening sequence of the 1999 motion picture Analyze This, which starred Robert De Niro and Billy Crystal. It was also fully depicted in the 1972 film The Valachi Papers, as well as the 2019 film Mob Town.

Today, Apalachin is primarily a residential community, that retains its small-town charm and connection to its historical roots. In 2014, Apalachin’s Riverside Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Recreation in the area includes outdoor activities such as hiking, fishing, and boating, with nearby parks like the Apalachin Marsh Wildlife Management Area offering nature trails and birdwatching opportunities.

Nichols, located in Tioga County, halfway between Binghamton and Elmira, was named after Colonel Nichols, an early landowner. The area that would eventually become Nichols was first settled in the late 18th century, and the village itself was incorporated in 1836.

The Susquehanna River marks the town’s northern boundary, while it is bordered by the state line of Pennsylvania on the south.

Today, Nichols‘ surrounding landscape, the Susquehanna River and nearby parks, provides ample opportunities for outdoor recreation such as hiking, fishing, and paddling. Tioga Downs is another regional attraction draws visitors interested in gaming and golfing, while the Tioga County Fairgrounds hosts annual events that celebrate local culture and traditions.

Located in the southeast corner of Tioga County, Owego was formed in 1800. Before European settlers arrived, the area was occupied by the Onondaga and Cayuga Indians, part of Iroquois Nations. The town was named after the Owego Creek, and "Owego" is thought to be derived from a Native American word meaning "meeting place" or "place of the waters."

In the 19th century, Owego’s economy flourished, thanks to lumber, agriculture, and manufacturing sectors. In the mid-1800s, the Erie Railroad boosted Owego's growth and connected the town to additional markets.

Today, the Town of Owego is 110 square miles and includes the hamlets of Apalachin, Campville, Gaskill Corners, South Owego, Gibson Corners, Waits and Flemingville and the Village of Owego.

Flowing from east to west, the Susquehanna River curves through the center, and splits around a one-hundred-twelve-acre piece of land, known as Hiawatha Island. Once a popular recreational site for locals, a riverboat destination, a working farm and the site of a grand hotel, the island is now a nature preserve and home to hundreds of flora and fauna species, including several listed on the state endangered species listing. Currently, a nesting pair of bald eagles calls Hiawatha home. Remnants of farm buildings are accessible from the trails that allow guided exploration of the island on foot. It a favorite stop on the Tioga Paddle Trail and the New York Susquehanna Basin Water Trail. Hiawatha Island is owned and managed by Waterman Conservation center. There is also a launch site located just across the river at Marshland Road.

The scenic beauty of the Susquehanna River and surrounding hills, offer outdoor enthusiasts opportunities to hike, fish, boat, paddle and birdwatch. The town’s historic district offers a charming atmosphere, with its preserved 19th-century architecture, local shops, and restaurants. Owego also hosts several annual events, like the Owego Strawberry Festival, the Owego Harvest Festival, and the Owego County Fair, which celebrate its community and rich heritage.

The land where Tioga sits today was originally purchased from the Six Nations by the United States in a Treaty signed in Canandaigua in 1794. By 1813, the boundaries of the two towns of Owego and Tioga were officially drawn, with Owego on the west side of Owego Creek and Tioga on the east side, where they remain today.

Early settlers opened a variety of businesses. Including hotels, blacksmith shops, flour mills, sawmills, shingle mills and tanneries. The Erie and Sothern Central Railroads ran through the town and had a depot here, which opened up markets for those businesses.

The Town of Tioga today remains a rural community with small businesses and dairy farms. Recreation in Tioga is largely centered around outdoor activities, with hiking, fishing, and boating, available at the nearby state parks and along the Chemung River.

Barton was formed on March 23, 1824 and is nestled between two rivers, the Susquehanna River and the Chemung River.  The town lies in the southwestern corner of Tioga County and is bounded on the north by the Town of Spencer, east by the Towns of Tioga and Nichols, south by the New York/Pennsylvania border, and on the west by Chemung County. 

Barton was incorporated in 1854, and includes the Village of Waverly and the hamlets of Barton and Lockwood, also part of Halsey Valley.

Waverly is located on the NY - PA border near Sayre PA, between the Finger Lakes of New York State and Endless Mountains of Pennsylvania. The Village of Waverly has a rich history that stretches from the early Indian Villages and booming growth of the 19th century railroads to the industrial expansion of America and the present day. Abundant opportunities for year-round recreation can be found in Waverly. Hiking, biking, fishing, hunting, birding, snowshoeing and cross-country skiing can be enjoyed at Waverly’s two parks—the 600-acre Two Rivers State Park where visitors can also paddle the upper part of the Waverly Reservoir, and the Waverly Glen, which includes the Waverly Glen Water Falls.

The town of Ashland is located in Chemung County, on its southern border, south of Elmira.

The Battle of Newtown, a consequence of the Sullivan Expedition, was fought in the northern part of the town in 1779.

The first settlers arrived around 1788,a nd the town was officially formed in 1867 from parts of the towns of Chemung, Elmira and Southport. The founders of the town wanted to name it after a prominent citizen, R.C. Lockwood, but he suggested the name "Ashland". Ashland was the last town created in Chemung County.

Formed in 1822, the Town of Big Flats is also know as the "Southern Tier Gateway to the Finger Lakes".

As the Chemung River sharply turns, the river Valley widens to create the broad flat land that gave Big Flats its name. This flat land was also ideal for the industries that developed here. For over a century, farming, specifically tobacco farming and manufacturing, made use of the fertile soil and vast area of that flatland. It was also ideal for the establishment of an airport, now called the Elmira-Corning Regional Airport, in the 1920s. In 1939, The Schweizer Aircraft Corporation, a sea plane and glider manufacturer, made the surrounding hills a popular glider launching area, called Harris Hall, that is still in use today.

Today, Big Flats is the home to the Glider Museum, Chemung County Airport, Warplane Museum and many nature preserves. The Town Complex features a Community Center with all facets of community activities along with over 11 community parks, three walking trails with a relaxed town feel, and its location along the Chemung River offers many outdoor activities like canoeing, kayaking and fishing.

Chemung is a town in Chemung County. It is said an Algonquin Tribe discovered a mammoth tusk in the banks of the Chemung River. The word Chemung originated from their dialect, Shumounk, meaning “Place of the Horn”. The Chemung Valley was a long-time home of Native Americans. In the 1700s, the Iroquois Confederacy established a village in the area. During the earliest days of European settlement, in the late 1700s, Chemung was known as the “Western Door and Forbidden Path”, where settlers dared not enter. The New York State legislature passed an act erecting The Town of Chemung in what was then Montgomery County in 1788.

In 1791, after two battles in Chemung, a treaty was signed with the Six Nations. Settlers began to move into the area and grist mills and saw millers started popping up along the creeks. Since the only roads were paths created by the Native Americans, much travel was done on the rivers with rafts, Durham boats and canoes.

In 1825, Chemung was a large producer of fine woolen cloth, but the mid-1800s, lumber was a top commodity.

With the opening of the Erie Railroad in 1850 and the Junction Canal from 1858-1871, trade routes were opened and there was plenty of work. Commodities at the time included timber, coal, and later tobacco.

Many of labors didn’t stay long and moved westward to new employment opportunities in new states, as land continued to open up. But those who stayed built large comfortable homes and provided for their families and the community.

Today progress continues in Chemung with a balance of agriculture and industry. I-86 and Norfolk Southern Railroad run along the river and through the town. The Chemung River also offers an opportunity for recreation with several access point for paddling and fishing.

Mark Twain's months in Elmira, were his most pleasant and most productive time. His best known books, such as Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn, and The Prince and The Pauper were written here, and his study where they are written is a National Historic Landmark.

The Mark Twain Riverfront Park runs through downtown Elmira. The park offers a babbling brook and benches for a peaceful lunch or place to enjoy the picturesque view of the Chemung River. There is also shopping across the street. Riverfront Park is also the location of Music on the Riverfront, and other special events throughout the year. The Soaring Museum, dedicated to the history of motorless flight, is also located in Elmira.

Elmira Heights is a village within the town of Horseheads, and a northern suburb of the city of Elmira. It is a quiet community of about 4,200 people, with a Civic Administration Center housing Village Hall, Police, and Fire Departments, Engineering, Code Enforcement, Urban Renewal Agency, and the Village Court. Three beautiful parks grace the area with two of them housing the Little League and the Cinderella League and the third one is complete with a gazebo, concession stand and pavilion, offering concerts and events during the summer.

Horseheads, a town in Chemung County, is part of the Elmira Metropolitan Statistical Area. Its name was derived from the number of bleached horses' skulls once found there. Horseheads has several parks that include many recreational opportunities including the Holding Pint Recreation Center that offers baseball and softball fields, a horseshoe area, lacrosse box, pavilion and BMX track.

Southport is a town in Chemung County, southwest of the city of Elmira, and is part of the Elmira Metropolitan Statistical Area. The town’s parks offer a variety of recreational opportunities. Chapel Park has baseball and softball fields as well as a large playground, basketball, tennis, and pickleball courts, a half-mile paved loop trail, a playground, and picnic pavilions and grills. Draxler Park includes a playground, two pavilions, a baseball field, a fishing pond, and a hill used for winter sledding. Elmer Goodwin Park has lacrosse fields, a soccer field, a basketball court, a splash pad, and a half-mile paved recreation trail. Roger Sterling Park, formerly known as Bird Creek Park, includes a playground, a baseball field, and a picnic pavilion.

Town of Veteran is a small town located in Chemung County, New York, with a population of approximately 3,000 residents. The town was founded in 1823 and was named in honor of the soldiers who fought in the American Revolutionary War. The town is known for its scenic beauty, historic landmarks, and rural charm. Located north of Elmira, Veteran is part of the Elmira Metropolitan Area and The Finger Lakes Region south of Watkins Glen.

Corning was founded in 1796. During the 1800s, like many of the other communities in the Southern Tier, its primary industry was lumber. As the railroads entered the area and opened up markets outside the region, the rich fertile land around the area rivers made Corning an important location for shipping agricultural products like tobacco, grain and whiskey, as well as lumber and coal. At one point Corning’s lumber mills were known as the largest in the world.

In the late 1800s, the rise of manufacturing gave way to glassmaking, for which the city is known around the globe. In fact it has been the key element of Corning’s success for over 140 years, serving as the headquarters of the Fortune 500 company Corning Incorporated, formerly Corning Glass Works, a manufacturer of glass and ceramic products for industrial, scientific and technical uses.

The city is actually named for Erastus Corning, the Albany financier and railroad executive who was an investor in Corning Glass Works. The company that developed fiber optics, telescope lenses, panels for the space shuttle and LCD technology was also the company that developed the city.

Also home to Steuben Glass, the Corning Museum of Glass, which is houses one of the most extensive collection of art glass in the world, the Rockwell Museum of Western Art, Hillcrest Manor, the Patterson Inn and the Corning Community College Planetarium, Corning’s rich history provides a multitude of venues for visitors looking for those unique experiences. In fact, Corning’s brick lined Historic Market Street with its galleries, glass studios, antique shops, boutiques, specialty stores, and diverse places to eat, was used by the National Registry of Historic Preservation as a model for their main street program.

The Town of Erwin, located next to the City of Corning, encompasses the Village of Painted Post. The Town is host to a variety of industry, commercial, and residential developments, including two Fortune 500 companies, over 50 stores, and an 8-screen movie theater.

During the 1700s, the valleys of the Chemung River tributaries was the domain of the Senecas of the Iroquois Confederacy and was a central crossing of the main Indian trails, as well as a resting place and rendezvous for Indian travelers. The Town of Erwin has rich Indian history and the Erwin Museum includes several artifacts found throughout the area.

As settlers came and the area grew, the ability to move products along the waterways enabled manufacturing and marketing of lumber, agricultural products, new grist mills, and more to grow. As the Chemung Canal’s connection to the Erie Canal expanded markets, the Town of Erwin gained fame as a lumber district. Later the arrival of the New York and Erie Railroads and the Union Telegraph Company created an ideal environment for manufacturing with the establishment of Weston Engine Works was established in 1896, followed by The Rand Drill Company. Weston, later called the Imperial Engine Company, joined forces with the Ingersoll Rock Drill Company to become the Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Company a year later. Rand Drill Company and Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Company merged in 1905 and became Ingersoll Rand, a manufacturer of air compressors, gas engines, and related machinery, which was a significant contributor to our national defense and war effort during World War II and an important part of the economy and growth of Painted Post and the Town of Erwin.

Ingersoll Rand left in 1987, but was replaced by Dresser Rand, a manufacturer of gas engines and reciprocating compressors for the gas and oil industry. Dresser Rand and Dresser Industries are now the primary industry in Painted Post.

Located in the heart of the Southern Tier tourism region, Erwin is not far from attractions like the Watkins Glen Race Track, The Corning Inc. Glass Center and Museum, wineries in the Finger Lakes region, gliders at Harris Hill, theaters, and entertainment.

Located on the Cohocton River in Erwin, Kinsella Park is one of the New York Susquehanna Basin Water Trail access points.

Painted Post is a village in the town of Erwin. It is located west of Corning. The name comes from a Seneca carved post found by explorers at the junction of three local rivers. A huge post was said to have been set where the Tioga and Conhocton rivers join to form the Chemung River. Several historical descriptions describe the painting of the post, thus, the name "the land of the painted post".

Corning-Painted Post Airport is west of the village. Painted Post offers recreational opportunities at their local parks. Craig Park, which has numerous open air picnic tables and grills, a large pavilion, basketball courts, and a Dog Park offer fun for the whole family. A paved linear jogging and exercise trail connects Craig Park to the Painted Post and Riverside neighborhoods. Craig Park is also the current location of the annual Colonial Days celebration.  Hodgman Park maintains the basketball courts, box lacrosse facilities, playground area and picnic pavilion